The 125kHz Proximity Card Dilemma

The technology is still widely in use, but when it comes to the security of the low-frequency 125kHz prox (short for proximity) cards, you can’t really argue about how scary easy it is to clone them.

You might as well just leave the door open, put a key under the mat, or have a flashing neon sign saying ‘come on in’.

At ICT we're committed to providing the highest security solutions for our customers, which is why we've shifted to EV3 for all MIFARE DESFire credentials as of April 2023.

Anyone who manages security for an apartment building, office, or property that uses this legacy technology will have stories about the problems that a clone card can cause, but they may not be aware just how easy it is to do, or how simple it is to stop.

We’ve seen firsthand how easy it is to clone a card with a $30 scanner bought online. After turning it on, it only took 5 seconds to scan the original card, and a couple more seconds to make a clone. The entire process, from taking it out of the box, to having a duplicate card in our hands, took no more than 15 seconds. Cloning services are readily available online, making it even easier to duplicate access cards.

125kHz cards aren’t just susceptible to cloning if you have the physical card to place it on a card copier. Many NFC cards come with manufacturer-set default keys that users often neglect to change, increasing the risk of unauthorized cloning. There are numerous examples online demonstrating how it is possible to scan and clone credentials from a distance without a victim even knowing they have been targeted.

As IPVM explains, the main issue is that the information contained on 125kHz prox cards isn’t encrypted. This means a card copying device can extract the relevant information such as site code and card number easily and transfer it to a blank card. The encryption on a 13.56MHz MIFARE DESFire proximity smart card means you can reduce the risks associated with card cloning. And you can further increase security by pairing smart cards with another credential such as a PIN for two-factor authentication.

This is why we recommend using MIFARE DESFire 13.56MHz smart card technology to protect your property. DESFire has the highest standard of card security currently available, and many other advantages over 125 kHz technology. In many instances, it can also be a cheaper option, so there’s no excuse for not getting smart. Check out our latest article to learn more about the benefits of a DESFire solution.

Understanding Proximity Cards and Access Control

Proximity cards, often referred to as prox cards, are a cornerstone of modern access control systems. These cards leverage radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to communicate with a reader, which then verifies the card’s authenticity and grants access to secure areas. The convenience and ease of use of proximity cards have made them a popular choice across various industries, including commercial, industrial, and government sectors.

Operating typically at frequencies of 125kHz or 13.56MHz, proximity cards come in various formats such as cards, key fobs, wristbands and even adhesive disks which you can attach to your mobile device or car. These versatile access control tools can be programmed to store a range of data, including user IDs, access levels, and expiration dates.

The vulnerability of 125Hz RFID Cards

While 125kHz RFID cards are widely used for their convenience, they come with significant security vulnerabilities. The primary issue lies in their lack of encryption and security measures, making them highly susceptible to cloning and hacking. With a handheld RFID writer or other specialized equipment, unauthorized individuals can easily clone these cards, creating duplicate cards that can be used to gain access to secure areas.

Moreover, 125kHz RFID cards are prone to eavesdropping and signal sniffing, where malicious actors can intercept the card’s signal and extract sensitive information. This vulnerability compromises the overall security of the access control system, posing a significant risk to any facility relying on this outdated technology.

Secure Alternative to 125kHz cards

To mitigate the security risks associated with 125kHz RFID cards, many organizations are transitioning to more secure alternatives. One such option is the MIFARE DESFIRE 13.56 MHz smart card, which operates at a higher frequency and incorporates advanced security features like encryption and authentication. These cards offer a more robust defense against cloning and unauthorized access.

Best Practices for Implementing Secure Access Control

Implementing a secure access control system requires a strategic approach that combines advanced technology with robust policies and procedures. Here are some best practices to consider:

1. Use Secure RFID Cards: Transition to more secure RFID cards, such as 13.56 MHz or iCLASS cards, which offer enhanced security features.
2. Implement Encryption: Protect card data with encryption to prevent unauthorized access and cloning, we recommend MIFARE DESFIRE which uses advanced encryption and the highest standard of card security currently available .
3. Use Secure Readers: Invest in secure readers designed to thwart cloning and hacking attempts.
4. Establish Access Control Policies: Develop clear access control policies and procedures to ensure that only authorized individuals can access secure areas.
5. Monitor and Audit: Regularly monitor and audit your access control systems to detect and address any security breaches promptly

By following these best practices, organizations can significantly enhance the security of their access control systems and protect sensitive areas from unauthorized access.

The future of Access Control and RFID Technology

The landscape of access control and RFID technology is rapidly evolving, driven by advancements in mobile devices and the Internet of Things (IoT). One emerging trend is the use of NFC-enabled phones as access control devices. This innovation allows users to store their access control credentials on their smartphones, providing a convenient and secure way to gain access to secure areas.
Another exciting development is the integration of biometric authentication methods, such as facial recognition and fingerprint scanning. These technologies add an additional layer of security, ensuring that access is granted only to verified individuals.

As access control technology continues to advance, staying informed about the latest security threats and trends is crucial. By embracing these innovations, organizations can enhance the security and efficiency of their access control systems, paving the way for a safer and more connected future.